Two dimensional representation of the Dirac equation in Non associative algebra

In this note a simple extension of the complex algebra to higher dimension is proposed. Using the postulated algebra a two dimensional Dirac equation is formulated and its solution is calculated. It is found that there is a sub-algebra where the associative nature can be recovered

Complexity Factor For Anisotropic Source in Non-minimal Coupling Metric f(R)f(R) Gravity

In this outline we recognize the idea of complexity factor for static anisotropic self-gravitating source with generalized $f(R)$ metric gravity theory. In present consideration, we express the Einstein field equations, hydrostatic equilibrium equation, the mass function and physical behavior of $f(R)$ model by using some observational data of well known compact stars like $4U~1820-30, SAX~J1808.4-3658$ and $Her~X-1$. We define the scalar functions through the orthogonal splitting of the Reimann-Christofell tensor and then find the vanishing complexity condition for self-gravitating system with the help of these scalars. It has been found that the vanishing condition for the complexity are pressure anisotropy and energy density inhomogeneity must cancel each other. Moreover, we study the momentous results of an astral object for the vanishing of complexity factor. Finally, these solutions reduced to previous investigation about complexity factor in General Relativity by taking $\lambda=0$.Comment: 20 pages, 5 Figures, 1 Table, Accepted for Publication in Eur. Physical Journal

Hybrid Coding Technique for Pulse Detection in an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

The paper introduces a novel hybrid coding technique for improved pulse detection in an optical time domain reflectometer. The hybrid schemes combines Simplex codes with signal averaging to articulate a very sophisticated coding technique that considerably reduces the processing time to extract specified coding gains in comparison to the existing techniques. The paper quantifies the coding gain of the hybrid scheme mathematically and provide simulative results in direct agreement with the theoretical performance. Furthermore, the hybrid scheme has been tested on our self-developed OTDR

Working memory learning method and astrocytes number in different subfields of rat's Hippocampus

The aim of this study was evaluation of the astrocytes number in different subfields of rat's Hippocampus after spatial learning with usage of Morris Water Maze technique and working memory method. In this study, between 2005-2006 years in Pasteur institute of Iran-Tehran and histological department of Gorgan University with usage of Morris Water Maze and working memory technique, we used 14 male albino wistar rats. Seventh rats were in control group and 7 rats in working memory group. After histological preparation, the slides were stained with PTAH staining for showing the Astrocytes. Present results showed significant difference in astrocytes number in CA1, CA2 and CA3 areas of hippocampus between control and reference memory group. The number of astrocytes is increased in working memory group. Then we divided the hippocampus to three parts: Anterior, middle and posterior and with compare of different area (CA1, CA2 and CA3) of hippocampus, we found that the differences between Anterior-middle and Middle-Posterior of CA1 and CA2 area of hippocampus were significant, whereas the difference between Anterior-Posterior parts was not significant in CA1 and CA2 areas. In CA3 area, the difference between Anterior-Middle and Anterior-Posterior parts was significant, whereas the difference between middle and posterior parts was not significant. We concluded that the number of astrocytes increased due to spatial learning and working memory technique. © 2008 Science Publications

Environmental Factors influencing Financial Reporting Practices and Development in Sudan

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that shaped and determined the current status of financial reporting practices in Sudan. The methodology adopted is descriptive as well as explanatory. The paper seeks to explore why the financial reporting system in Sudan remained deficient and unsound over an extended period of time. The research relies mainly on Secondary data; both quantitative and qualitative data are used. The analysis involves reviewing areas of the Sudan’s economy, Politics, culture and financial and legal systems for the last two decades; the 1990’s and the 2000’s. The analysis is made in the light of the several environmental factors cited in the literature as being influential in determining the level of development of a country’s financial reporting system. The research has demonstrated that the current status of financial reporting practices in Sudanic substantially influenced and determined by three environments; the external environment of the accounting profession which includes the investment climate, the financial sector characteristics and the cultural factors; the internal environment of the accounting profession which comprises education and training and organizations regulating the profession and the regulatory environment that encompasses regulatory requirements and  degree of enforcement of rules and regulations. This is the first empirical study to investigate the different environments of financial reporting in Sudan and assess their impact on the quality of reported financial information. Thus it may be of help to those concerned with the accounting profession and its development

Epistemologi Santai: Epistemologi Jepang Masa Tokugawa

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